Novel Gels: An Emerging Approach for Delivering of Therapeutic Molecules and Recent Trends
Gels are semisolid, homogeneous systems with continuous or discrete therapeutic molecules in a suitable lipophilic or hydrophilic three-dimensional network base. Innovative gel systems possess multipurpose applications in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and so forth. Formulating a gel-based delivery system is simple and the delivery system enables the release of loaded therapeutic molecules. Furthermore, it facilitates the delivery of molecules via various routes as these gel-based systems offer proximal surface contact between a loaded therapeutic molecule and an absorption site. In the past decade, researchers have potentially explored and established a significant understanding of gel-based delivery systems for drug delivery. Subsequently, they have enabled the prospects of developing novel gel-based systems that illicit drug release by specific biological or external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, enzymes, ultrasound, antigens, etc. These systems are considered smart gels for their broad applications. This review reflects the significant role of advanced gel-based delivery systems for various therapeutic benefits. This detailed discussion is focused on strategies for the formulation of different novel gel-based systems, as well as it highlights the current research trends of these systems and patented technologies.
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Recent published research for novel gel-based delivery systems
| Sno. | Types of Hydrogels | Composition | Drug Used | Disease |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thermo-stimuli Hydrogel | 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) liposomal hydrogel | SN-38 | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| 2 | alginate nanogel co-loaded with cisplatin and gold nanoparticles | cisplatin | colorectal cancer | |
| 3 | poly(γ-ethyl-L-glutamate)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(γ-ethyl-L-glutamate) (PELG-PEG-PELG) hydrogel | DOX/IL-2/IFN-γ | melanoma | |
| 4 | PHB-b-PDMAEMA | paclitaxel andTemozolomide | glioblastoma | |
| 5 | poly(3-caprolactone) (PCL)-10R5-PCL (PCLR) hydrogel | tannic acid/ | colorectal cancer | |
| oxaliplatin | ||||
| 6 | Caprolactone-Polyethylene Glycol | Silibinin | melanoma | |
| 7 | α-Cyclodextrin co-polymeric PEGylated iron oxide-based hydrogels | PTX/DOX | breast cancer | |
| 8 | β- cyclodextrin complexed glycol chitosan hydrogel | PTX | Ovarian Cancer | |
| 9 | mPEG-b-PELG | CA4P and cisplatin | colorectal cancer | |
| 10 | Pluronic F127, Pluronic F68, and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose. | Itraconazole | Fungal Keratitis | |
| 11 | Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) | Ketoconazole | Fungal Keratitis | |
| 12 | Poloxamers (P407 and P188), Carbopol-93 | Dipivefrin | Intraocular pressure | |
| hydrochloride | ||||
| 13 | Triacetin, Transcutol-P, Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer188 | Acyclovir | Ocular viral infections | |
| 14 | Poloxamer 407 disodium EDTA | Chlorhexidine digluconate | Acanthamoeba keratitis | |
| 15 | poloxamers, hyaluronic acid (HA), beta-lapachone (β Lap), | beta-lapachone (β Lap) | Restoring the synovial fluid | |
| 16 | Poloxamers, D—(+)-GlcN hydrochloride, papain, | Glucosamine (GlcN) | controlling inflammation and promoting cartilage re-generation | |
| 17 | Poloxamer, hyaluronic | Sulforaphane (SFN | SFN intra-articular release for OA treatment | |
| 18 | Photosensitive Hydrogels | azobenzene and α-cyclodextrin-functionalized hyaluronic acid with gold nanobipyramids | DOX | human epidermal keratinocyte |
| 19 | poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel | Bortezomib and DOX | osteoblast | |
| 20 | Agarose based hydrogel | black phosphorus and DOX | breast cancer | |
| 21 | poly(N-phenylglycine)- poly (ethylene glycol) co-polymeric hydrogel | Cisplatin | breast cancer | |
| 23 | pH-stimuli Hydrogels | poly (acrylic acid) complexed with stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate | DOX | hepatocarcinoma |
| 24 | amphiphilic hyaluronan (HA)-and cystamin-pyrenyl | Organoiridium (III) | lung cancer | |
| 25 | Graphene oxide, L-arginine | 5-fluorouracil | breast cancer | |
| 26 | FER-8 peptide | PTX | hepatocarcinoma | |
| 27 | Dibenzaldehyde, poly (ethylene glycol) | DOX | hepatocarcinoma | |
| 28 | Redox- stimuli Hydrogels | dextrin nanogel | DOX | Breast Cancer |
| 29 | Polydopamine, poly (ethylene glycol) | DOX | breast cancer | |
| 30 | poly (ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate | Vorinostat and etoposide | cervical cancer | |
| 31 | polyglycerol nanogel | DOX | cervical cancer | |
| 33 | N-Isopropylacrylamide, Methacrylic acid, Benzalkonium chloride and poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) | DOX and Indocyanine green | hepatocarcinoma | |
| 34 | Magnetism-Responsive Hydrogels | ferromagnetic vortex-domain iron oxide, chitosan and poly (ethylene glycol) | DOX | breast cancer |
| 35 | methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and glycidyl methacrylate | sunitinib | cervical cancer, breast cancer and Human Thyroid Tumor | |
| 36 | paramagnetic fullerene, DNA and Hyaluronic Acid | DOX | hepatocarcinoma | |
| 37 | Proniosomal gel | Surfactant, lecithin and cholesterol | Curcumin | Ocular Inflammation |
| 38 | Liposomal gel | Lecithin: cholesterol, Carbopol 934 | Travoprost | Glaucoma and ocular hypertension |
| 39 | Injectable hydrogel | horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H2O, chitosan, hyaluronic acid (HA) | Dextrane | cartilage tissue regeneration |
| Tyramine | ||||
| 40 | bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids, short fibre fillers, Kartogenin (KGN) | Celecoxib | cartilage regeneration, and inflammation removal | |
| 41 | poly (ethylene glycol)-b-polythioketal-b-poly(ethylene glycol), micelles | dexamethasone acetate | preventing cartilage extracellular matrix degeneration | |
| 42 | Gelatin, ulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS), methacrylic anhydride. | diclofenac sodium | preventing the development of degenerative changes in OA via the synergistical treatment of enhanced lubrication (COF reduction) and sustained drug release (inflammation down-regulation) | |
| 43 | Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, Poly (dichlorophosphazene, Methoxy poly (ethylene glycol), | Triamcinolone acetonide | Effective prevention and long-term anti-OA treatment | |
| 44 | Shear—sensitive hydrogels | Hyaluronic acid, aldehyde groups, amino | Celecoxib | Minimizing shear-induced cartilage damage and inflammation |
| Groups, HSPC lipid, |
Sastri, T.K.; Gupta, V.N.; Chakraborty, S.; Madhusudhan, S.; Kumar, H.; Chand, P.; Jain, V.; Veeranna, B.; Gowda, D.V. Novel Gels: An Emerging Approach for Delivering of Therapeutic Molecules and Recent Trends. Gels 2022, 8, 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050316