Evaluation of In-Die Compression Data for a Deeper Understanding of Altered Excipient Properties upon Temperature Rise
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The thermodynamic analysis of tablet formation includes the thermal and mechanical analysis during compression. The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations of force–displacement data upon temperature rise as an indicator for changed excipient properties. The tablet press was equipped with a thermally controlled die to imitate the heat evolution from tableting on an industrial scale. Six predominantly ductile polymers with a comparably low glass transition temperature were tableted at temperatures ranging from 22-70°C. Lactose served as a brittle reference with a high melting point. The energy analysis included the net and recovery work during compression, from which the plasticity factor was calculated. The respective results were compared to the changes in compressibility obtained via Heckel analysis.
Elevated temperatures reduced the necessary work for plastic deformation for the ductile polymers, which was reflected in decreasing values for the net work of compaction and the plasticity factor. The recovery work slightly increased for the maximum tableting temperature. Lactose showed no response to temperature variations. Changes in the net work of compaction showed a linear correlation to the changes in yield pressure, which could be correlated to the glass transition temperature of a material. It is therefore possible to detect material alterations directly from the compression data, if the glass transition temperature of a material is sufficiently low.
Trade name | Abbreviation | Chemical composition | Supplier | T/°C |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flowlac®100 | FL | α-Lactose monohydrate | Meggle (Germany) | 216 m* |
Kollidon® SR | KSR | Polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium lauryl sulfate, and silica (ratio 8:1.9:0.08:0.02) | BASF (Germany) | 42 g* |
Eudragit® E PO | EPO | Copolymer of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate | Evonik Industries (Germany) | 49 g* |
Eudragit® RS PO | RS | Copolymer of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid ester | Evonik Industries (Germany) | 58 g* |
Eudragit® RL PO | RL | Copolymer of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid ester | Evonik Industries (Germany) | 70 g* |
Soluplus® | SP | Copolymer of polyvinyl caprolactam, polyvinyl acetate, and polyethylene glycol | BASF (Germany) | 75 g* |
Nisso HPC SSL | SSL | Hydroxypropyl cellulose | Nippon Soda (Japan) | 82 g** |
Parteck® LUB MST | - | Magnesium stearate | Merck (Germany) | 140 g*** |
m, Melting; g, Glass Transition *[32], **[34], ***[35]
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Grumann, H.D., Klinken, S. & Kleinebudde, P. Evaluation of In-Die Compression Data for a Deeper Understanding of Altered Excipient Properties upon Temperature Rise. AAPS PharmSciTech 24, 89 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-023-02554-3