Abstract Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is commonly prescribed for managing osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-surgical pain. However, oral administration of diclofenac often leads to adverse effects. This…

Design of experiment (DoE) is a useful time and cost-effective tool for analyzing the effect of independent variables on the formulation characteristics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the process variables on the…

The purpose of the present study was to optimise diclofenac diethylamine-loaded liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs) using the principles of quality by design. Based on risk assessment, the effect of various formulation variables on the…

Abstract Curcumin has a broad-spectrum anti-tumor effect and has no toxic side effects. However, the unique diketone structure of curcumin will undergo diketo-enol tautomerism under different acid-base conditions, resulting in its…

Transdermal delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be challenging, since the skin possesses a rate-limiting barrier, which may be overcome when APIs possess certain ideal physicochemical properties. The lack thereof would…

The use of eye drops is a well-established practice in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, although the bioavailability of traditional eye drops, which are either solutions or suspensions, is insufficient, as the corneal barrier and…

This study evaluates the potential use of zein as an excipient in hot-melt extrusion for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS). Mixtures of zein, polyethylene glycol and drug were hot melt extruded and cut into 2 mm extrudates.…

The present study evaluates the preparation of systemic administrated NSAID gelatin nanoparticles with the aid of quality by design and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Specifically, two different preparation techniques (i.e.…

Abstract To ensure the safe and effective application of microneedles for drug delivery to the skin, the mechanical properties the microneedles and their ability to penetrate the skin are critical quality control parameters. While ex…

The production of pharmaceutical tablets is shifting towards continuous manufacturing. Therefore, individual unit operations such as powder blending need to be re-designed. Continuous powder blending has been implemented successfully, but…