Control Strategy for Excipient Variability in the Quality by Design Approach Using Statistical Analysis and Predictive Model: Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose Variability on Design Space
Although various quality by design (QbD) approaches have been used to establish a design space to obtain robust drug formulation and process parameters, the effect of excipient variability on the design space and drug product quality is unclear. In this study, the effect of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) variability on drug product quality was examined using a design space for immediate-release tablets of amlodipine besylate. MCC variability was assessed by altering the manufacturer and grade. The formulation was developed by employing the QbD approach, which was optimized using a D-optimal mixture design. Using 36 different MCCs, the effect of MCC variability on the design space was assessed. The design space was shifted by different manufacturers and grades of MCC, which resulted in associations between the physicochemical properties of MCC and critical quality attributes (CQAs). The correlation between the physicochemical properties of MCCs and CQAs was assessed through a statistical analysis. A predictive model correlating the physicochemical properties of MCCs with dissolution was established using an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model accurately predicted dissolution with low absolute and relative errors. The present study described a comprehensive QbD approach, statistical analysis, and ANN to comprehend and manage the effect of excipient variability on the design space.
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2.1 Materials
Amlodipine besylate was obtained from Daewon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). MCC was purchased from the following manufacturers: DFE Pharma (Pharmacel®, Dusseldorf, Germany), FMC BioPolymer (Avicel®, Philadelphia, PA, USA), Blanver (MICROCEL® MC, Farmoquímica, Sao Paulo, Brazil), and JRS Pharma GmbH & Co. KG (PROSOLV®SMCC (Silicified microcrystalline cellulose), VIVAPUR®, Heweten®, Rosenberg, Germany). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was purchased from BASF AG (Kollidon®, Ludwigshafen, Germany). Croscarmellose sodium (CCS) was purchased from FMC BioPolymer (Ac-Di-Sol®, Philadelphia, PA, USA). Magnesium stearate (St-Mg) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents were of analytical or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade.
Kim, J.Y.; Choi, D.H. Control Strategy for Excipient Variability in the Quality by Design Approach Using Statistical Analysis and Predictive Model: Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose Variability on Design Space. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 2416.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112416