Among the various 3D printing techniques, FDM is the most studied in pharmaceutical research. However, it requires the fabrication of filaments with suitable mechanical properties using HME, which can be laborious and time-consuming. DPE…

Etravirine (ERVN) is a potential NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) in treating HIV infection. It possesses extremely low oral bioavailability. The present research aims to optimize the formulation and characterization…

Abstract The World Health Organization identifies tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as a leading infectious killer. Although conventional treatments for TB exist, they come with challenges such as a heavy pill…

Most antibiotics used in topical formulations are not absorbed by deeper skin layers and subdermal tissues. Hence the skin infections are treated with large doses of oral or parenteral antibiotics which lead to unpleasant side effects with…

Abstract Nanoformulations have become increasingly useful as drug delivery technologies in recent decades. As therapeutics, oral administration is the most common delivery method, although it is not always the most effective route because…

ABSTRACT The field of pharmaceutical formulation is constantly evolving, driven by the need for improved drug delivery systems and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. One critical aspect of this evolution is the development and utilization of…

Eugenol is a phenolic compound with numerous biological activities. It is widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. In particular, eugenol may be used for tooth whitening procedures to minimize dental sensitivity in…

The attention to polymer-based biomaterials, for instance, chitosan and its derivatives, as well as the techniques for using them in numerous scientific domains, is continuously rising. Chitosan is a decomposable naturally occurring…

Application of essential oils in modern medicine has a limited use due to its specific physico-chemical properties which can make them extremely unsuitable for the formulation of stable pharmaceutical forms. The aim of this study was to…

The minimally-invasive and painless nature of microneedle (MN) application has enabled the technology to obviate many issues with injectable drug delivery. MNs not only administer therapeutics directly into the dermal and ocular space, but…