The field of oral drug delivery has witnessed significant advancements, with a focus on developing innovative formulations to address challenges associated with traditional dosage forms, especially for patients with difficulties in…

Abstract The electrospray (ES) technique has proven to be an effective and a versatile approach for crafting drug delivery carriers with diverse dimensions, multiple layers, and varying morphologies. Achieving the desired particle…

Tenofovir (TNF) is a common component of many antiretroviral therapy regimens, but it is associated with poor membrane permeability and low oral bioavailability. To improve its oral bioavailability and membrane permeability, a…

Abstract Biotherapeutics exhibit high efficacy in targeted therapy, but their oral delivery is impeded by the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and limited intestinal absorption. This article presents a strategy to…

Abstract Cyclic peptides can bind challenging disease targets with high affinity and specificity, offering enormous opportunities for addressing unmet medical needs. However, as with biological drugs, most cyclic peptides cannot be applied…

A high-payload ascorbyl palmitate (AP) nanosuspension (NS) was designed to improve skin delivery following topical application. The AP-loaded NS systems were prepared using the bead-milling technique, and softly thickened into NS-loaded gel…

Abstract Orally disintegrating granules (ODGs) are a pharmaceutical form commonly used for the administration of NSAIDs because of their easy assumption and fast dispersion. The development of ODGs is not easy for drugs like dexketoprofen…

Despite major improvements brought about by the introduction of taste-masked formulations of 4-phenylbutyrate (PB), poor compliance remains a significant drawback to treatment for some pediatric and dysphagic patients with urea cycle…

The lymphatic system possesses the main viral replication sites in the body following viral infection. Unfortunately, current antiretroviral agents penetrate the lymph nodes insufficiently when administered orally and, therefore, cannot…